Myelofibrosis – Common signs and diagnosis
Myelofibrosis is a form of chronic leukemia (or blood cancer) that develops in the bone marrow. The condition is associated with the formation of too many abnormal blood cells. While myelofibrosis does not show any signs initially, it leads to the formation of scars called fibrosis in the affected regions over time. Certain mutations in bone marrow cells are considered responsible for this condition, but the precise trigger for these mutations remains unknown.
Common signs
The effects of myelofibrosis become visible when normal blood cell production decreases. Common symptoms include fatigue, easy bruising and bleeding, night sweats, fever, bone pain, itching, and feeling full quickly.
A high blood count is a common issue observed in the initial stages of myelofibrosis. Here, a high platelet count increases the risk of blood clots, which can then cause issues like slurred speech, weakness on one side of the body, drooping on one side of the face, sudden chest pain, and painful or swollen limbs. Those affected may also cough up blood, experience blurred vision or loss of sight, and notice sudden pain in the stomach along with signs of jaundice.
Myelofibrosis can also lead to low blood count, which can cause anemia, increased risk of infections, and unusual or heavy bleeding. One may also develop an enlarged spleen, which causes discomfort in the belly and nausea.
Diagnosis
Healthcare professionals may recommend several tests to diagnose myelofibrosis.
- The process may begin with a physical examination, wherein the healthcare professional will check vital signs such as pulse and blood pressure and examine lymph nodes, spleen, and abdomen.
- Then, a complete blood count (CBC) helps doctors check for any abnormalities in the levels of red and white blood cells and platelets .
- Imaging tests, like MRIs and X-rays, may be required to get more information about the disease progression.
- A bone marrow biopsy and aspiration can help confirm the condition. During this procedure, a sample of the liquid content from the bone marrow is drawn and sent to the laboratory for testing.
- Finally, doctors will analyze the blood sample to look for genetic mutations, such as in the JAK2, CALR, and MPL genes, to offer a detailed prognosis.