Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative disease of the nervous system. It is caused when the sheath of the nerve cells in the brain gets damaged. The disease manifests itself by affecting movement. Some neurons are responsible for the production of dopamine. When these neurons die, dopamine levels drop. Since dopamine is vital for controlled movement, a patient suffering from Parkinson’s disease can experience a range of limited movements. Parkinson’s disease usually occurs in people who are in their 50s and above. However, there have been rare cases of it striking younger people as well. Parkinson’s disease life expectancy is similar to those who don’t have the condition. Late-stage Parkinson’s however, complicates the standard and quality of life greatly. This degenerative disease has five stages. Stage One This is the first dangerous stage of Parkinson’s disease. Life expectancy is normal, and it can be managed with medication. The first stage showcases symptoms of a minimal nature, which go unnoticed most of the time. The most visible symptoms are mild tremors, a change in posture and a change in the way patients walk. There maybe some minor difficulty with speech, but this is on the rarest of occasions. The tremors in early-stage Parkinson’s is usually limited to one side of the body. Stage Two This stage is when the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease is more noticeable. The standard of life during stage two deteriorates quite a bit. The manifestation of these symptoms are more rapid; they show much faster than stage one. Tremors begin to become visible on both sides of the body. The change in posture is much more noticeable, and a patient has their walking form degrade enormously. The body begins to experience mild stiffness. The patient may begin trembling, and on rare occasions, a change in facial expressions may start becoming noticeable.

Bladder control problems can be a very embarrassing situation for most people. Some people suffering from urinary incontinence or bladder leakage tend to lose some amount of urine performing simple tasks like running, coughing or sneezing. An inability to control bladder function, however, can be quite bothersome for the patient. Things that fall under this ambit include frequent trips to the washroom or untimely leakage of urine. While many people tend to skirt the issue because they feel embarrassed, the problem itself can be avoided. In most cases, women, more than men seem to be the ones facing trouble with bladder control. It is advisable to seek bladder leakage treatment at the earliest to treat the problem before it worsens. When must one seek bladder leakage treatment Bladder leakage can be a major inconvenience. Apart from the actual problem itself, people also feel a certain amount of stigma tied to it. People who face problems with bladder control are more likely to avoid crowds and social gatherings to avoid any untoward incidents. Being unable to control urine flow holds the person back from engaging in physical activities and sports because of the fear that they might trigger an unfortunate incident. If you experience urine leakage once or twice, it’s likely nothing out of the ordinary. But if this unintentional urinary leakage becomes a recurring phenomenon, or it hampers the quality of life for the person, you should seek medical help. Visit a urologist or a general physician to undergo bladder leakage treatment and nip the problem in the bud. Bladder leakage treatment The first step of bladder leakage treatment involves the urologist understanding the patient’s medical history. This includes frequency of urination, urination patterns and how long the patient has faced bladder leakage problems. This helps diagnose the reason and type of urinary incontinence the patient might be facing.

The frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis refers to pain, stiffness and restricted range of movement in the shoulder. Overuse of the shoulder is a major contributor and an injury can also result in frozen shoulder. Diseases like stroke or diabetes also make you vulnerable to this condition. When you develop frozen shoulder, the tissues that surround the joint feel stiffened and the formation of the scar tissue also takes place. In such a situation, shoulder movements become highly painful and difficult. You develop this condition gradually over a period of time and it goes away in a slow manner after a year or so. Major causes frozen shoulder Sometimes, you are compelled to stop using the shoulder joint normally and it can be because of injury, pain or severe health conditions like stroke or diabetes. This situation makes you vulnerable to frozen shoulder. Any type of shoulder problem can result in this condition if you do not make efforts to maintain a full range of motion. People suffering from chronic diseases are prone to frozen shoulder and it has been found out that this problem occurs mostly between 40 and 70 years of age. Women are more susceptible compared to men, particularly during the postmenopausal stage. Frozen shoulder treatment options The frozen shoulder treatment involves managing shoulder pain and maintaining an optimal range of motion in the shoulder. Popular painkillers and anti-inflammatory medications In order to eliminate or reduce the pain, there are over-the-counter painkillers available. The most popular ones are aspirin and ibuprofen and these medications also reduce inflammation linked with frozen shoulder. If the pain is severe, you can opt for stronger anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving drugs but they should be taken under the supervision of your doctor. Diagnosis of frozen shoulder When the physical exam reveals restricted shoulder movement, doctors suspect frozen shoulder.

Huntington’s disease is a genetic disorder of the brain. This disease is untreatable and fatal due to cell damage of the nerves in the brain. The damage is usually severe and causes the nerves to dysfunction. In most cases of Huntington’s disease, the onset of the disease happens when the patient is in their thirties or forties. In some rare cases, symptoms are noticed in children as well. While there is no cure for Huntington’s disease, identifying Huntington’s disease symptoms early will help in the management of the disease. Here are the symptoms of Huntington’s disease. Early Symptoms The early symptoms of Huntington’s disease involve motor skills. These may include the following: Change in handwriting Difficulty in everyday physical activities Restlessness Clumsiness Mild twitching of fingers, toes, and even of the face Apart from these physical symptoms, there are also some subtle emotional and intellectual symptoms. Impulsiveness Short-term memory loss Bouts of depression and irritability Inability to manage new changes and schedules These symptoms are very generic and hard to diagnose as they can be mistaken for any other disease. There are many tests involved in the diagnosis of Huntington’s disease. Have a look at a few. Neurological Testing Reflex tests Muscle strength Co-ordination Balance Sense of touch Eye movement Hearing Neurophysiological Testing Memory Language function Mental agility Reasoning Spatial understanding Psychiatric Evaluation Behavioural patterns Judgement quality Substance abuse Coping skills Thought patterns Brain Imaging and Function Tests such as MRI and CT scans can be used to look for any structural changes in the brain. While these tests may not reveal much in the early stages of Huntington’s disease, it can be used to eliminate any other conditions that could be responsible for the symptoms. Genetic Testing If you do not have a family history of Huntington’s disease, then genetic testing is the most reliable option.

Postherpetic neuralgia is a painful skin condition caused by the herpes zoster (chickenpox) virus. Once the shingles start to crust and heal, neuralgia sets in, damaging the nerve endings in the skin. This causes a pain that burns and makes the skin sensitive to even the lightest touch. This condition can last from a few months to a year. People older than the age of 60 years are at a higher risk of developing this complication. Postherpetic Neuralgia Treatment Options Postherpetic neuralgia has no proper medication or treatment. A combination treatment for Postherpetic neuralgia is required in most cases to ease the pain. Medication Although medicines cannot eliminate the pain entirely, still they can work towards reducing it and making it more manageable for you. Initially, your health practitioner may recommend using an over-the-counter painkiller such as paracetamol or combine it with codeine to see its effect. However, these standard pills have been known to be ineffective against treating the condition, and most of the time it is required to explore alternative options for p ostherpetic neuralgia. These postherpetic neuralgia treatment options have been discussed below: Anti-depressants: Medicines such as duloxetine(Cymbalta) and amitriptyline are used to treat depression. As they target chemical reactions in the brain that form the core of pain impulses, they can also be used for treating the shingles pain. These are started off in small doses to work slowly on your nervous system, dulling the senses and providing relief from the pain. Side effects include drowsiness, feeling light-headed, dry mouth, and weight gain. Anti-convulsants: Anti-seizure medicines help stabilize abnormal spikes in brain activity that are caused by damage to nerve ends. Originally intended to treat epilepsy, this type of medication lessens the pain by causing a dampening effect on your nervous system. Pregabalin and gabapentin (Gralise, Neurontin) are effective medications that are known to curb the pain sensitivity.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a painful disease that can result in permanent damage to joints. In order to prevent this, doctors and rheumatologists prescribe each patient for a rheumatoid arthritis treatment regimen that consists of various types of drugs, combined with physical therapy. Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder. In an autoimmune disorder, the immune system mistakes a body part as an invasive organism and damages it. In RA, the immune system perceives the lining tissue in the joints called synovium as a threat and attacks it. The synovium not only provides a protective covering but also produces a fluid that keeps the joints lubricated, enabling them to move freely. RA attacks the synovium, causing inflammation and ultimately damaging this tissue. If left untreated, the damage to the synovium could affect the cartilage and bones in the joint. And so, it becomes imperative to detect the disease and make sure that it does not progress rapidly. There is, as of now, no cure for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Yet, there are ways to prevent inflammation, pain and to slow down the disease and keep it in remission. Rheumatoid arthritis treatments Rheumatoid arthritis treatments involve reducing pain, controlling inflammation, preventing the disease from progressing further or slowing it down, and putting the symptoms in remission. The rheumatoid arthritis treatment starts with painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, to drugs that modify the course of the disease, and lets the patient enter long periods of remission (periods when there are no signs or symptoms of RA). Analgesics and NSAIDs Doctors first prescribe analgesics and Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) to control pain and swelling. Over-the-counter NSAIDs like Ibuprofen as well as stronger prescription drugs might be advised. If the patient is at risk for a stomach ulcer, alternative NSAIDs called COX-2 inhibitors can be prescribed.

There are 4 stages of breast cancer—stage I, II, III, and IV. Stage IV breast cancer is also known as metastatic or even secondary breast cancer and is the most advanced stage of breast cancer. If left untreated for a long time, then cancer metastasizes (spreads) beyond the breast. Most often, metastatic breast cancer spreads through the lymphatic system to the liver, bones, lungs, and brain. This, in turn, can result in life-threatening morbidity including myocardial infarction (MI). The size of the tumor varies from one person to another. Approximately more than 154,000 women residing in the US have metastatic breast cancer. Many women diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer had suffered from breast cancer before. However, for some, metastatic breast cancer may be their first diagnosis of breast cancer . Treatment Coping up with the most advanced stage of breast cancer is quite tough and challenging as an advanced stage of breast cancer remains incurable. Only an oncologist can treat patients diagnosed with stage IV breast cancer. A lot of factors such as age, medical history, and general health are considered. Moreover, the biology of the growth of tumor and metastasis comes into the picture. Your medical oncologist will encourage effective treatment. He will also recommend you to undergo the one best for you out of the four effective treatment options. The four options are as follows: Breast cancer chemical therapy or chemotherapy (chemo) This is the first systemic treatment for hormone receptor-negative and hormone receptor-positive (but no longer responds to hormone therapy) stage IV breast cancers. Chemical therapy is better known as chemotherapy. The term “chemotherapy” is often put forward as an overarching definition. In chemotherapy, the cancer cells shrink much faster than that in hormone therapy. In this treatment option, you can even control the growth rate of cancer cells in the body for several years.

A woman will experience menopause during her 40s or 50s. It is when she no longer gets her period and is unable to get pregnant naturally. It is usually confirmed when the period stops for more than 12 months. Once the ovaries stop functioning, there is an imbalance of hormones in the body. While the body adjusts to this change, there will be many uncomfortable symptoms to deal with one of which is menopause hot flashes. Over two-third of women experiencing menopause have to deal with hot flashes. What Is A Hot Flash? It is a sudden and unexpected experience of feeling hot. The blood vessels on the surface of your skin dilate, causing you to sweat profusely. The exact reason for menopause hot flashes is unknown. However, many theories point that hormone imbalances could be affecting the circulatory system. Menopause hot flashes can sometimes cause excessive sweating in the night time, making sleep uncomfortable. Some women may also have a high heart rate. Many women experience menopause hot flashes for a short period while others will experience it for the rest of their lives. Triggers Knowing what triggers your hot flash can be critical in managing it. Each woman has different triggers, but here are a few common ones. Caffeine Alcohol Cigarettes Spicy food Tight clothes Stress and anxiety High temperatures Note whenever you have a hot flash in a diary. Once you recognize a pattern, take steps to avoid exposing yourself to your triggers. Remedies For Hot Flashes There are several options when it comes to the alleviation of the symptoms of menopause hot flashes. Here are a few: Hormone Replacement Therapy Small amounts of estrogen can be taken to restore the hormone balance which causes hot flashes. Estrogen can be taken with another hormone called Progesterone to reduce the risk of cancer.

Dry eye syndrome is the lack of adequate moisture or lubrication on the surface of the eye. It has a number of causes and, if left untreated, could have serious consequences. Eye drops for dry eyes are the most convenient and effective way of treating dry eye syndrome. Take proper care of your eyes and ensure you take the necessary precautions to avoid dry eyes. If you find yourself suffering from dry eyes, visit a doctor, and plan out a specific routine in order to treat and cure dry eye syndrome. What causes dry eyes? There are a number of things that can lead to dry eye syndrome. Some of them are: Aging Hormonal changes Entropion or Ectropion Thyroid disease Environmental pollutants like dust, smoke, or dry air Exposure to eye irritants Staring at computer or TV screens for extended periods of time Vitamin A deficiency Diabetes Laser eye surgery Inflammation or damage of the tear glands Allergy medicines, anxiety medicines, beta-blockers, sleeping pills, or other medicines Prolonged use of contact lenses Eye infections Lupus or other diseases of the immune system Symptoms of dry eye syndrome There are a number of symptoms of dry eye syndrome. They are mentioned below: A burning sensation in the eyes Pain in the eyes Redness in the eyes Blurry vision Itching in the eyes Difficulty reading or looking at screens Dryness in the eyes Heavy eyes Sore eyes The best eye drops for dry eyes Dry eyes are quite a common problem. The best way to treat them is by using eye drops. These are some of the most effective eye drops for dry eyes: Cyclosporine : Cyclosporine is one of the most effective prescription eye drops for dry eyes. It can treat many inflammations and infections responsible for dry eyes, and dry eye syndrome.

What do you need to know about Viagra? Viagra is a medication that is popularly used by people around the world, to treat erectile dysfunction. The active ingredient in Viagra is sildenafil citrate. Viagra helps improve the blood flow to the penis during sexual activity, ensuring that an erection can be attained. In simple terms, Viagra helps men get an erection, and also in maintaining that erection. Viagra also helps treat pulmonary hypertension, a medical condition leading to raised blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. However, there are certain side-effects related to Viagra, recorded in nearly 15% of men, which include erections for longer periods than usual, headaches, indigestion, flushing of the skin, stuffy nose, nausea, and heartburn. Some of the more serious side-effects associated with Viagra include sudden hearing loss, vision trouble, swelling of the hands or feet, chest pain, or shortness of breath. In case you are experiencing any of these symptoms, consult a doctor immediately. What is Generic Viagra? Generic Viagra contains the main active ingredient as Viagra. It solves the same problem because generic Viagra contains sildenafil citrate. Pfizer which used to sell sildenafil citrate under the brand name Viagra, but later when its patent ended in 2013, other companies decided to start selling the generic variant of the medicine under the name sildenafil. Generic Viagra is not sold by one specific company or brand. This is what happens when a drug’s patent ends. It becomes open for mass commercial production. So, simply put, it is much more economical than Viagra. Generic Viagra and Viagra have been recorded to show the same effective results, i.e., they’ve both been found to be effective in around 60%-70% men who suffer from erectile dysfunction. Use of Generic Viagra A generic sildenafil variant works the same way as Viagra.

Dental implants are surgical components that attach a prosthetic tooth to the jaw or to the bone. Most modern dental implants are made of materials like titanium, that form a strong bond with the bone to ensure that the prosthetic stays in place. The procedure of implantation can be quite complex, so dental implant costs can vary. Dental implantation has to be carefully planned since the implant should be durable and be able to withstand considerable force involved during chewing. Overall, the initial dental implants cost may be high, but over time it is cheaper than other alternatives. Do You Need Dental Implants? Cost-Benefit Analysis The main purpose of a dental implant is to support a prosthesis . A prosthesis can be a crown (a single tooth restoration), a bridge (attaching a prosthesis to adjacent natural teeth), or dentures (false teeth). The process in which the implant integrates with the bone is called osseointegration . This process ensures that the implant lasts for decades. This durability justifies the dental implants cost, which can be quite high. Another reason for the relatively high dental implants cost is that the implant is usually made of titanium which is an expensive metal. Dental implants are customized to an individual’s mouth. This is why the dental implants cost can vary from person to person. Your age, pre-existing conditions, tooth health, and other factors play an important part in determining the dental implants cost. Even if the initial dental implants cost is high, the maintenance of dental implants is easy and cheap. They last for decades and doesn’t require too much care. Dental implants cost also depends on the number of teeth being replaced. Logically, the more the number of teeth to be replaced, the higher the dental implants cost. Apart from this, the dental implants cost is also affected by the health of the teeth surrounding the missing tooth, the health of the jaw, and the state of the gums.

Pimples can pop out of nowhere. This can be a cause for concern, especially if you have planned something big on that day. However, all is not that bad and with many best acne treatments available, getting rid of this problem is now fairly easy. Below we list some of the best acne treatments which will help you move out with confidence. Use an oil-free face wash Oil and bacteria normally cause acne and you will have to keep these away to let pimples to pop out. This can be done by using an oil-free face wash on a regular basis. Such oil-free face wash consists of salicylic acid and thus help in getting rid of excess oil. Salicylic acid is considered to be antibacterial and is known to exfoliate the dead skin cells which otherwise clogs away the pores. It aids and is one of the best acne treatments. Using a facial brush Degreasing the skin also helps in reducing the oil content of the same. This can effectively be done with the help of handheld facial brushes. This technique helps in leaving less oil and bacteria on the skin and thus prevents the development of acne. These facial brushes consist of rotating brush heads and help in loosening the clogged pores. It is essential and one of the best acne treatments. Using oil-free SPF An oil-free SPF should be used on a regular basis as oil always leads to clogging of skin pores as the use of scented products can always irritate the skin. When you use oil-free SPF on a regular basis, this will help in keeping the clogged pores under check. Effective transmission of air will keep the skin pores open and thus will keep your skin cells healthy. Apply the right kind of foundation Foundation can also be used to keep the oil cells from getting overactive and thus forming up acne on your face.